The Regional Action Plan for Heritage Lepidoptera is a declination at the level of the former Aquitaine of the National Action Plan for Maculinea, extended to other species with stakes selected according to their protection status, their national and European conservation status and/or their limited distribution in Aquitaine. The objective of this five-year plan (2017-21) is to improve knowledge of Aquitaine’s heritage lepidoptera, to raise awareness among environmental stakeholders and the general public, and to implement coherent land and management policies at the site level (conservatory management) and territory (TVB) to enable conservation of threatened butterflies.