Luminescence, i.e. the emission of light from a source (fluorescent, quantum dot, etc.), can be controlled by its environment: the absorption of energy, the rate of deexcitation and the quantum efficiency of a molecule are physical phenomena controlled by the internal electronic levels and also their optical environment (nano-structuring and materials). Indeed, the development of manufacturing techniques at increasingly small scales of increasingly complicated structures from microelectronics makes it possible to consider the control of a key parameter, the LDOS, at the nanoscale and thus to access a new photonic engineering: that of a few molecules, or even a single molecule.