The societal impact of pathogens in the food industry is significant; different routes of contamination of foodstuffs are reported in the literature (personnel, environment, raw materials...) and environmental hygiene of food manufacturing plays a key role. The difficulty in identifying these bacteria can be explained by the presence of viable non-cultivable forms (NCVs) in fishery products. These VNC forms appear as a result of one or more stresses such as salting, smoking, picking, cleaning and disinfection; these CNV bacteria pose an important health problem because they cannot be detected by conventional microbiological techniques. An innovative method for detecting and confirming the presence of Listeria monocytogenes, reducing analysis time and cost compared to conventional methods, would represent significant added value for manufacturers. The aim of the thesis is therefore to explore the potentialities of deuterium isotopic marking coupled with Raman spectroscopy to determine whether this approach detects viable non-cultivable cells (NCVs). Indeed, this spectroscopy can provide detailed information on the overall chemical composition of a single bacterial cell, quickly (a few seconds) and without marking.