Scientists at the Institute of Molecular Virology at Ulm University Hospital have a world-leading position in researching the origin of HIV and human adaptations, which allowed this virus to cause the worst pandemic of modern times to date. Furthermore, the institute has excellent expertise in innate defense mechanisms against viral infections and the mechanisms that enable viral pathogens to eliminate or circumvent them. Due to this preparatory work, the Institute of Molecular Virology has an excellent starting position for the research of SARS-CoV-2. In addition to increased research on COVID-19, the S3 labs also support the fight against future viral pandemics and airborne pathogens.